This is because the discovery of oil and its exploitation has ushered in a miserable, undisciplined, decrepit, and corrupt form of petrocapitalism which. Understanding the armed groups of the niger delta final. Pdf the emergence of militancy in the niger delta region led to problems of insecurity, pipeline vandalisation, disruption of oil output and. Prepared for the world development report 2009 kate higgins summary. Exploring the relationships between environmental governance. Abstract this paper attempts to look at the niger delta crisis from a sociopoliticoecological perspective. Fg plans new approach to resolve nigerdelta crisis punch. Citizenship questions and environmental crisis in the niger delta researches and the production of intellectual energies and output in terms of resolutions, agreement, laws, conventions etc2. National network coordinator, wanepnigeria, 3, soji. Tuareg crises in niger and mali 37 working for the group. Fuelling the niger delta crisis crisis group africa report n118, 28 september 2006 page iii federal and state governments and niger delta parties, based on the proposal already accepted in principle by several delta activist and militant groups.
Oil unions launch a threeday strike over deteriorating security situation in the niger delta. The federal government, in a bid to boost oil revenue, is considering a new approach to resolving and sustaining peace in the troubled niger delta region. As the second major oil city after port harcourt, warri is the center of scores of oil installations and the nerve center of the operations of oil companies in the. Crisis in the niger delta 5 the most pressing development needs are for better roads, water transport, power, and telecommunications. National network coordinator, wanepnigeria, 3, soji adepegba close, off allen. By the late sixties and early seventies, nigeria had attained a production level of over 2 million barrels of crude oil a day. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria. The political ecology of the niger delta crisis and the prospects of lasting peace in the post amnesty period by okoli, al chukwuma. They also link the report to a global hdr network in developing countries. Pdf this paper tells the stories based on empirical evidence in niger delta.
Unlike his predecessor, yaradua chose the dialogue option which culminated in the declaration of amnesty for suspected niger delta militants who were willing to. Crisis groups first report on the niger delta examined the historical and societal underpinnings of the growing insurgency. Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the niger delta. The situation in the delta remains fragile and will likely return either to intermittent conflict or fullblown insurgency within six to eighteen months if a business as usual approach.
The niger delta is home to about 140 different ethnic groups in the nine states included in a broader definition of the region. Moreover, the impact and the widespread of globalisation as a universal phenomenon have also heightened the status of concern about the environment. The niger delta terrain is dense and difficult, and it gives the rebels plenty of cover as henry kissinger once remarked about the vietcong during. Ogoni crisis accounting for the escalation of the crisis. Composed of the nigerian army, air force, the police mopol and state security service and deployed in the niger delta region in august 2003, it was tasked. Oil exploration and current state of the niger delta niger delta is made up of nine states namely. Shell files an appeal and refuses to accept the judgement.
This is to situate the discourse in proper t ear y g lo b al j o u r n. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger deltas minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. Pdf understanding the niger delta crisis within the. Regional inequality and the niger delta policy brief no 5. While some facilitated access to relevant information and data, others provided valuable contributions to ensure the high quality and independence of the report. Pdf oil and gas have been described as the mainstay of the nigerian economy today. The niger delta has a long history of militant activity dating back to and beyond the.
Monday uijiakhien okojie abstract the frequency of. Therefore the focus of this study was to determine the cause of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in delta state. Exploring womens participation in peace processes authors. This causes them to undervalue the potential costs of ongoing violence, as well as the importance of a peaceful niger delta to nigerias economic. Niger delta the structural adjustment programme sap, in its form and content, falls within the rubric of economic globalization okwechime, 2011. While nigerian officials opt to buy shortterm ceasefires, such as the 2009 amnesty process, other governments spend too little in money and manpower to grow local civil. Stop all attempts to divide and coopt armed militants by offering contracts and appointments to leaders and instead encourage them to create and articulate a common and realistic political agenda. The conflict in the niger delta region of nigeria has become global as it is wont to, given the fact that the major actors in the crisis are transnational the multinational oil corporations play very critical and fundamental roles in the crisis as. Oil and violence in the niger delta isnt talked about much. For example, in the niger delta region southern nigeria, chiefs may be selected through inheritance or may be chosen for a set term or for life icg 3 aug. It does this by revising the many unresolved issues, including the ogoni crisis accounting for the escalation of the crisis.
Niger delta history pdf the oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis. Icg international crisis group icpc independent corrupt practices and other related crimes commission ida international development association iyc ijaw youth council lga local government area. Pdf the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks. Nigerias niger delta by esther cesarz, steve morrison and jennifer cooke is of signal importance. Conflict in the niger delta united states institute of peace. Pdf poverty, oil exploration and niger delta crisis. In their view, the recent conflicts in the delta mark a watershed.
Human development report 2006 the human development report office hdro the human development report is the product of a collective effort. The niger delta human development report benefited immensely from many individuals and institutions. The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta has threatened some rocket attacks. As much as one million barrels worth of daily oil production has been shut in due to violence. Conflict in the niger delta more than a local affair summary neither nigeria nor foreign donors are investing enough to end violent conflict in the niger delta. Hospitals operate on a daily basis with only ou tward pat ients with no admissions, no adequate equipment o r windows. Niger delta are poorly equipped and often have no roofs or books. The niger delta is an unstable area of nigeria, and interethnic clashes are common often access to oil revenue is the trigger for the violence. Takwa zebulon suifon and ifeanyi okechukwu address enquiries to. Crisis groups first report on the niger delta1 examined the historical and societal underpinnings of the growing insurgency. Oil and violence in the niger delta isnt talked about. This paper examines oil and security in nigeria, with special reference to the crisisravaged niger delta. To a greater extent, the niger delta crisis ndc is a struggle of the ignored minorities against the supposed majorities peterside, 2006.
Unlike his predecessor, yaradua chose the dialogue option which culminated in the declaration of amnesty for suspected niger delta militants who were willing to surrender their arms. The ndc is all about a commensurate benefit from devastating exploration and exploitation of crude oil and gas from the niger delta alesina and perotti, 1996. This brief explores regional inequality in nigeria, focussing specifically on the niger delta. Put differently, while social and relative deprivation is. Its focus on the niger delta and its festering crisis stems from that regions critical importance to nigeria. Introduction a crisis is a change either sudden or evolving that results in an urgent problem that must be addressed immediately harvard business essential. The research instrument was a self designed questionnaire named a. Mar 28, 2017 ifeanyi onuba, abuja the federal government, in a bid to boost oil revenue, is considering a new approach to resolving and sustaining peace in the troubled niger delta region.
The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. As the nations treasure base, the niger delta provides over 80 percent of government revenues, 95 percent of export receipts, and 90 percent of foreign exchange. An assessment of nigerdelta crisis on nigerias external relations from 19922008. The niger delta crisis is a serious matter that requires serious policy and committed and courageous leadership to resolve.
In the late 1980s, several indigenous tribal groups began raising concerns about international oil company operations in the niger delta, a region of about. Studies on the niger delta crisis have largely neglected emphasizing the centrality of ecological under currents and attendant depravations in the crisis folarin, 2006. In the crude oilrich niger delta, media reports say that on september 8, soldiers seeking to arrest members of the militant groupniger delta avengersdestroyed 43 houses and. This study therefore investigates the nature and character of the amnesty deal.
An assessment of the niger delta crisis and nigerias. Causes and failed solutions the crisis in the niger delta is multifaceted and has reared its ugly head through pipeline vandalisation, formation of militant groups, attacks on oil companies and oil installations, kidnapping and hostage taking of oil workers. The oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis. One person who has worked closely with shell over the past few years says internal company documents suggest the actual figures are much. Oil, pollution, control, politics, niger delta, federal government, oil companies. Monday uijiakhien okojie abstract the frequency of conflicts. The study found that the federal government of nigeria failed to address the root causes of conflict and political violence in the niger.
It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include. Although production figures dropped in the eighties due to economic slump, 2004 saw a total rejuvenation of oil. Poverty and inequality in nigeria has strong regional concentrations, resulting in significant levels of regional disparity. The data analysed revealed that the niger delta crisis has affected job creation, infrastructure provision and. While at times ambiguous and incoherent, president yaraduas efforts in the delta included the creation of the niger delta technical committee in 2008, the establishment of the ministry of niger delta affairs in 2008, and a scheme to organize militants into a private company charged with guarding oil facilities. Specifically, it explores one of the government of nigerias gon responses to the marginalisation of.
Ethnic and political unrest continued throughout the 1990s despite the return to democracy clarification needed and the election of the obasanjo. This conflict has cost the nigerian government dearly. On august 6th 2007, aichatou mindaoudou, the foreign affairs and cooperation secretary, proclaimed the niger. The niger delta development commission nddc was established in 2000 by president olusegun obasanjo with the sole mandate of developing the petroleumrich niger delta region of southern nigeria. Resolving the niger delta crisis will require far greater commitment on the part of the. Niger delta social and conflict analysis may, 2008 sustainable development department. Understanding the armed groups of the niger delta council on.
The amnesty deal is a desperate effort by the nigerian state to end the niger delta crisis, and thereby restore some dignity and pride to itself. It examines the often hazy overlap between the militant niger delta cause and criminal and political motives, and identifies the steps required to defuse the conflict. Chukwuemeka eze, bridget osakwe, bukola akosile, evelyn mere editorquality assurance. The irony of it however, is that the niger delta areas, where the. Republic of nigeria niger delta social and conflict analysis. The paper identified and analysed the major challenges posed by this crisis to the nigerian state. Concentrated in niger delta previously an agricultural dependent economy, became reliant on oil corruption at its finest nigerian national petroleum company was established in 1977, created a joint venture with shell and other oil companies constitution of 1979 gave the nigerian federal government right to seize land. Although the niger delta has a long history of violence, the situation has gone from. International journal of humanities and social science. Oil extraction, dispossession, resistance, and conflict in. The victims of these kidnap incidents moved from men to include women as mothers, wives and very young. Members of the national human development report nhdr team provide detailed comments and advice throughout the research process.
Niger delta crisis no doubt has implications for nigeria. Ending unrest in the niger delta crisis group africa report n5, 5 december 2007 page ii 2. Making use of library research and content analysis methodologies, the paper detailed in a systematic manner the real issues involved in the struggle, from the perspectives of the nigerian state, the niger delta communities, and the oil companies. Fg plans new approach to resolve nigerdelta crisis. Political ecology philosophical existentialism a theoretical framework is germane in this study. As they properly say, the recent oil crisis highlights more profound national challenges that are now facing the reelected president obasanjo and his government.
Mend movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mosop movement for the survival of the ogoni people mpp microprojects program ndsca niger delta social and conflict analysis ndbda niger delta basin development authority ndcfi niger delta community foundations initiative nddc niger delta development commission. If significant progress could be made on these fronts, much of the sense of injustice and marginalization on the part of the delta population would be assuaged. Sap resulted in the intensification of oil exploration and the further. Real issues in the niger delta crisis vanguard news. The conspiracies of the old colonial masters, in tandem with the. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as. Pdf on jan 31, 2014, ihayere celestina and others published the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Introduction this paper offer a discussion of resource control and power allocated to the federal state with respect to the exploration and production of oil and revenuesharing formula for the region where. As the second major oil city after port harcourt, warri is the center of scores of oil installations and the nerve center of the operations of. The warri crisis, the niger delta, and the nigerian state meredeth turshen warri is a strategic city in the niger delta. The political ecology of the niger delta crisis and the. The niger delta the geographical heart of oil production in nigeria has been a breeding ground for militants for some years now. Which ever way you look at it, the root cause of the whole niger delta crisis is injustice.
Canadian journal of development studies revue canadienne detudes du developpement. Since its inauguration, the nddc has focused on the development of social and physical infrastructures, ecologicalenvironmental remediation and human. Abia, akwaibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers. Short of a policing or military or paramilitary defence of the pipelines, it is my judgment that the protection requirement within section 115b involves a general shielding and caring obligation. Oil extraction, dispossession, resistance, and conflict in nigerias oilrich niger delta.
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